Travel Cost
Estimates the recreational value of natural locations by analysing how much people will pay to visit it. The difference between the maximum amount a visitor is willing to pay for visiting the site and the actual cost incurred in traveling to the site is the “consumer surplus” and can be used as a monetary expression of the value of the site.
Stated Preference Methods
Questionnaire-based assessment of non-market valuation of environmental goods or services in a hypothetical market, such as improvements in water quality or biodiversity associated with an intervention policy. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the good is estimated using statistical procedures.
Hedonic Pricing
EcoSEM
A simplified and highly visual representation of the different cause-and-effect relationships among the environmental components from which ecosystem function and services emerge.
Bow-Tie Analysis
A structured risk and opportunity assessment methodology, based on ISO-accredited industry standards to analyse causes, consequences, and management options for biodiversity change in marine and coastal systems.
EcoFunMAP + PlanWise4Blue
A cumulative impact assessment tool that combines with EcoFunMAP (Food Web-based Ecosystem Functioning Mapping and Assessment Platform). Integrates food-web modelling with species biomass to map indicators of food-web structure, stability, and functioning at scales relevant for marine spatial planning.
B4M
Uses a published methodology for estimating the value of marine environments at sub-national scales, for management purposes. Integrates natural capital accounting with spatial mapping of marine habitats, based on understanding of the links between habitats and ecosystem services.
Benefit Transfer
A set of techniques to estimate the economic value of non-market ecosystem services at a target site.
EVTool
A simplified instrument for estimating the value of ecosystem services adapted to the available information. Three categories are considered: 1) provisioning (wild fish), 2) regulating and maintenance (global climate regulation) and 3) cultural (recreation and visual amenity).
EUTROPY
Model to integrate nutrient loading pathways, ecosystem responses, and management scenarios in aquatic systems. It provides simplified long-term simulations of scenarios across lakes, lagoons, estuaries, and coastal waters.