EcoSEM
A simplified and highly visual representation of the different cause-and-effect relationships among the environmental components from which ecosystem function and services emerge.
B4M
Uses a published methodology for estimating the value of marine environments at sub-national scales, for management purposes. Integrates natural capital accounting with spatial mapping of marine habitats, based on understanding of the links between habitats and ecosystem services.
eDNA
Environmental DNA (eDNA) from organisms is detectable in the environment, using shed material (skin, mucus, faeces etc.). It traces the presence of species without need for capture or direct observations.