{"id":553,"date":"2025-10-01T13:23:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T11:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/?page_id=553"},"modified":"2026-01-15T11:04:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T10:04:28","slug":"40__soc-structured-surveys","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/project\/40__soc-structured-surveys\/","title":{"rendered":"40_Structured surveys"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-51px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=&#8221;727,728,724,725,729,730&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;4px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_tabs _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Tools details&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3165\"><strong data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3141\">Category:<\/strong> Societal \/ Ecological<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3167\" data-end=\"3229\"><strong data-start=\"3167\" data-end=\"3183\">Subcategory:<\/strong> Stakeholder engagement \u2013 Structured Surveys<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3309\"><strong data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3245\">Tool type:<\/strong> Structured participatory survey (Likert-scale scoring system)<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3311\" data-end=\"3328\"><strong data-start=\"3311\" data-end=\"3326\">Input data:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3534\">\n<li data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3426\">\n<p data-start=\"3331\" data-end=\"3426\">Predefined cards with variables (ecological, socio-economic, cultural, governance, pressures)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3427\" data-end=\"3469\">\n<p data-start=\"3429\" data-end=\"3469\">Stakeholder scoring (Likert scale 0\u20135)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3470\" data-end=\"3534\">\n<p data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3534\">Informed Consent forms and metadata (name, profession, date)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3549\"><strong data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3547\">Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3550\" data-end=\"3773\">\n<li data-start=\"3550\" data-end=\"3616\">\n<p data-start=\"3552\" data-end=\"3616\">Ranked datasets of variables (importance, presence, pressures)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3617\" data-end=\"3652\">\n<p data-start=\"3619\" data-end=\"3652\">Visual survey sheets and photos<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3712\">\n<p data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"3712\">Statistical analyses (e.g., PCA, heatmaps via ClustVis)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3713\" data-end=\"3773\">\n<p data-start=\"3715\" data-end=\"3773\">Comparative insights across sites and stakeholder group<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3968\" data-end=\"4041\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4916\" data-end=\"5047\"><strong data-start=\"4916\" data-end=\"4933\">Target users:<\/strong><br data-start=\"4933\" data-end=\"4936\" \/>Researchers, policymakers, practitioners, stakeholders, and citizens engaged in coastal and marine management<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5071\"><strong data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5069\">Location tested:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5072\" data-end=\"5389\">\n<li data-start=\"5072\" data-end=\"5093\">\n<p data-start=\"5074\" data-end=\"5093\">North Spitsbergen<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5094\" data-end=\"5115\">\n<p data-start=\"5096\" data-end=\"5115\">South Spitsbergen<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5116\" data-end=\"5135\">\n<p data-start=\"5118\" data-end=\"5135\">Archipelago Sea<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5136\" data-end=\"5174\">\n<p data-start=\"5138\" data-end=\"5174\">Lithuanian Coast (Curonian Lagoon)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5193\">\n<p data-start=\"5177\" data-end=\"5193\">Gulf of Gdansk<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5194\" data-end=\"5225\">\n<p data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5225\">Belgian Coast (Dogger Bank)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5226\" data-end=\"5239\">\n<p data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5239\">Irish Sea<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5240\" data-end=\"5267\">\n<p data-start=\"5242\" data-end=\"5267\">Southern Gulf of Biscay<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5268\" data-end=\"5306\">\n<p data-start=\"5270\" data-end=\"5306\">Balearic Islands (Menorca Channel)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5330\">\n<p data-start=\"5309\" data-end=\"5330\">Sardinia (Oristano)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5331\" data-end=\"5389\">\n<p data-start=\"5333\" data-end=\"5389\">Gulf of Heraklion<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"4041\"><\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Technical details&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3775\" data-end=\"3799\"><strong data-start=\"3775\" data-end=\"3797\">Technical details:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"4041\">\n<li data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"3878\">\n<p data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3878\"><strong data-start=\"3802\" data-end=\"3814\">Version:<\/strong> Draft Guidance 2023\u20132025<span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"relative inline-flex items-center\"><button class=\"ms-1 flex h-[25px] text-[10px] leading-[13px] rounded-xl items-center justify-center gap-1 px-2 relative text-token-text-secondary! hover:text-token-text-primary! hover:bg-token-bg-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary dark:hover:bg-token-bg-secondary bg-[#f4f4f4] \"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" alt=\"Archivo\" class=\"h-[16px] w-[16px] object-contain text-token-text-primary! flex-none\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M11.2598 2.25191C11.8396 2.25191 12.2381 2.24808 12.6201 2.33981L12.8594 2.40719C13.0957 2.48399 13.3228 2.5886 13.5352 2.71871L13.6582 2.79879C13.9416 2.99641 14.1998 3.25938 14.5586 3.61813L15.5488 4.60836L15.833 4.89449C16.0955 5.16136 16.2943 5.38072 16.4482 5.6318L16.5703 5.84957C16.6829 6.07074 16.7691 6.30495 16.8271 6.54684L16.8574 6.69137C16.918 7.0314 16.915 7.39998 16.915 7.90719V13.0839C16.915 13.7728 16.9157 14.3301 16.8789 14.7802C16.8461 15.1808 16.781 15.5417 16.6367 15.8779L16.5703 16.0205C16.3049 16.5413 15.9008 16.9772 15.4053 17.2812L15.1865 17.4033C14.8099 17.5951 14.4041 17.6745 13.9463 17.7119C13.4961 17.7487 12.9391 17.749 12.25 17.749H7.75C7.06092 17.749 6.50395 17.7487 6.05371 17.7119C5.65317 17.6791 5.29227 17.6148 4.95606 17.4707L4.81348 17.4033C4.29235 17.1378 3.85586 16.7341 3.55176 16.2382L3.42969 16.0205C3.23787 15.6439 3.15854 15.2379 3.12109 14.7802C3.08432 14.3301 3.08496 13.7728 3.08496 13.0839V6.91695C3.08496 6.228 3.08433 5.67086 3.12109 5.22066C3.1585 4.76296 3.23797 4.35698 3.42969 3.98043C3.73311 3.38494 4.218 2.90008 4.81348 2.59664C5.19009 2.40484 5.59593 2.32546 6.05371 2.28805C6.50395 2.25126 7.06091 2.25191 7.75 2.25191H11.2598ZM7.75 3.58199C7.03896 3.58199 6.54563 3.58288 6.16211 3.61422C5.78642 3.64492 5.575 3.70168 5.41699 3.78219C5.0718 3.95811 4.79114 4.23874 4.61524 4.58395C4.53479 4.74193 4.47795 4.95354 4.44727 5.32906C4.41595 5.71254 4.41504 6.20609 4.41504 6.91695V13.0839C4.41504 13.7947 4.41594 14.2884 4.44727 14.6718C4.47798 15.0472 4.53477 15.259 4.61524 15.417L4.68555 15.5429C4.86186 15.8304 5.11487 16.0648 5.41699 16.2187L5.54688 16.2744C5.69065 16.3258 5.88016 16.3636 6.16211 16.3867C6.54563 16.418 7.03898 16.4189 7.75 16.4189H12.25C12.961 16.4189 13.4544 16.418 13.8379 16.3867C14.2135 16.356 14.425 16.2992 14.583 16.2187L14.709 16.1474C14.9963 15.9712 15.2308 15.7189 15.3848 15.417L15.4414 15.2861C15.4927 15.1425 15.5297 14.953 15.5527 14.6718C15.5841 14.2884 15.585 13.7947 15.585 13.0839V8.55758L13.3506 8.30953C12.2572 8.18804 11.3976 7.31827 11.2881 6.22359L11.0234 3.58199H7.75ZM12.6113 6.09176C12.6584 6.56193 13.0275 6.93498 13.4971 6.98727L15.5762 7.21871C15.5727 7.13752 15.5686 7.07109 15.5615 7.01266L15.5342 6.85738C15.5005 6.7171 15.4501 6.58135 15.3848 6.45309L15.3145 6.32711C15.2625 6.24233 15.1995 6.16135 15.0928 6.04488L14.6084 5.54879L13.6182 4.55856C13.2769 4.21733 13.1049 4.04904 12.9688 3.94234L12.8398 3.8525C12.7167 3.77705 12.5853 3.71637 12.4482 3.67184L12.3672 3.6484L12.6113 6.09176Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"not-prose mt-0! mb-0! flex-auto truncate\">MARBEFES_WP1_Guidlines_for_Stru\u2026<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3965\">\n<p data-start=\"3881\" data-end=\"3965\"><strong data-start=\"3881\" data-end=\"3897\">Publication:<\/strong> MARBEFES WP1 Structured Surveys Guidelines (internal deliverable)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3966\" data-end=\"4041\">\n<p data-start=\"3968\" data-end=\"4041\"><strong data-start=\"3968\" data-end=\"3979\">Rights:<\/strong> EU Horizon Europe GA no. 101060937 and UKRI GA no. 10048815<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Developer information&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4061\" data-end=\"4129\">\n<p data-start=\"4063\" data-end=\"4129\"><strong data-start=\"4063\" data-end=\"4084\">Lead institution:<\/strong> HuFoSS (Human Factors of Sustainable Seas)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4130\" data-end=\"4334\">\n<p data-start=\"4132\" data-end=\"4155\"><strong data-start=\"4132\" data-end=\"4153\">Key contributors:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4158\" data-end=\"4334\">\n<li data-start=\"4158\" data-end=\"4185\">\n<p data-start=\"4160\" data-end=\"4185\">Prof. Dr. Herman Hummel<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4188\" data-end=\"4204\">\n<p data-start=\"4190\" data-end=\"4204\">Vivi\u00e8n Laros<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4207\" data-end=\"4229\">\n<p data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4229\">Hanie Matajinimvar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4232\" data-end=\"4247\">\n<p data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4247\">Rob Segeren<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4275\">\n<p data-start=\"4252\" data-end=\"4275\">Dominga van der Vliet<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4278\" data-end=\"4334\">\n<p data-start=\"4280\" data-end=\"4334\">Jane van Wechem<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Citation&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hummel C, J van der Meer, K Timmermans, H Hummel, 2022. The use of Fuzzy Cognitive Models to strengthen stakeholder participation in the management of Protected Areas: the Dutch Wadden Sea. In: C. Hummel. The use of the Ecosystem Service approach in Protected Area management. PhD thesis, VU Amsterdam, pp 79-102.<\/li>\n<li>Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy cognitive maps. International journal of man-machine studies 24(1): 65-75.<\/li>\n<li>Kosko, B. (1988). Hidden patterns in combined and adaptive knowledge networks. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 2(4): 377-393.<\/li>\n<li>Kosko, B. (1993). Adaptive inference in fuzzy knowledge networks. In Readings in Fuzzy Sets for Intelligent Systems (pp. 888-891). Morgan Kaufmann.<\/li>\n<li>Likert R, 1932. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zesmi, U. &amp; \u00d6zesmi, S. (2003). A participatory approach to ecosystem conservation: fuzzy cognitive maps and stakeholder group analysis in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Environmental management 31: 0518-0531.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zesmi, U. &amp; \u00d6zesmi, S.L. (2004). Ecological models based on people\u2019s knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Ecological modelling 176(1-2): 43-64.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Contact&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4677\" data-end=\"4694\"><strong data-start=\"4677\" data-end=\"4692\">HuFoSS team<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4914\">\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Prof. Dr. Herman Hummel\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:Herman.hummel@hufoss.nl\">Herman.hummel@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Vivi\u00e8n Laros\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:Vivien.laros@hufoss.nl\">Vivien.laros@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Hanie Matajinimvar\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:hanie.mataji@hufoss.nl\">hanie.mataji@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Rob Segeren\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:Rob.segeren@hufoss.nl\">Rob.segeren@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Dominga van der Vliet\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:Dominga.vandervliet@hufoss.nl\">Dominga.vandervliet@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4724\">\n<p>Jane van Wechem <a href=\"mailto:Jane.vanwechem@hufoss.nl\">Jane.vanwechem@hufoss.nl<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/40_MARBEFES_WP1_Guidelines_for_FCM_Interviews.pdf&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Guidelines for Structured Interviews &#8211; Fuzzy Cognitive Modelling (FCM)&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; button_text_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#143F6C&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;30px&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#xe092;||divi||400&#8243; button_icon_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Structured Surveys<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Using structured interviews and Fuzzy Cognitive Modelling (FCM), stakeholders identify the ecological and socio-economic elements that are important for their sector in their area. These elements are written on cards and placed on a poster, after which the participant connects the elements that influence each other, and indicates the strength of the connection (on a scale from -5 to +5).<\/p>\n<p>What is the purpose of the tool?<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of the tool is to obtain the perception of stakeholders on the most important socio-economic and ecological variables in their area, and the way they interrelate to (i.e. influence) each other. Such insight is needed in order to be able to integrate stakeholders\u2019 views and opinions in environmental policy and management tools.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who uses the tool?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This tool is to be used by 1) the interviewer leading the interview, and 2) the stakeholders, as PA managers or policy-makers, who can use the outputs by focusing on the most important elements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How to use the tool?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To conduct structured interviews with Fuzzy Cognitive Modelling (Kosko 1986, 1988, 1993), the following should be prepared:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The team, which should consist of an interviewer and a note-taker<\/li>\n<li>Stakeholders:\n<ul>\n<li>At each location, about 15-20 stakeholders can be interviewed in 3 days.<\/li>\n<li>Stakeholders may be represented by more than one person, i.e. with one or two colleagues. They will count as one stakeholder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Interview amenities for FCM:\n<ul>\n<li>1 Magnetic whiteboard sheet, 100cm by 45cm, \u2022 30 Magnetic whiteboard \u2018sticky-notes\u2019, different colours \u2022 Whiteboard markers in various colours \u2022 Paper notebook and pencils \u2022 A device to take photos with (mobile phone)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Make sure the interview takes place in a calm environment (possibly at the residence\/institute of the stakeholder) with a cleared table, and the participant(s) feel comfortable and are familiar with the procedure.<\/li>\n<li>Let the participants fill in an Informed Consent Form just before starting the interview.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The interview consists of three phases and takes about 1 hour.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>First phase (15-30 minutes): <\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The central question, on which the FCM will be based, is introduced.<\/li>\n<li>Stakeholders are asked to share their views regarding the central question, i.e. in MARBEFES, on what are the most important elements for their sector in the balance between the ecology (nature), economy, and society in their coastal area, and what are the influences and pressures on this balance.<\/li>\n<li>There will be <u>no interference<\/u> by the interviewer, only gently guiding the interview by repeating what has been said, without steering the conversation.<\/li>\n<li>The note-taker writes down the most important elements mentioned as keywords on paper (10 to 30 words), taking care not to distract the participant(s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Second phase (5-10 minutes): <\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>The stakeholder can take a short break.<\/li>\n<li>The interviewer and note-taker agree on the list of keywords and write them down on separate magnetic notes. These notes are then placed on the large magnetic sheet in an open oval shape. Try to pre-order them into 4 categories.\n<ol>\n<li>On the left: Green for ecosystems and nature.<\/li>\n<li>In the middle: Blue for the blue economy, and Orange\/Yellow for social, governmental, and cultural keywords.<\/li>\n<li>On the right: Red for pressures.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Third phase (20-30 minutes): <\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>Consult the participant(s) on the final placement of the magnetic notes. If they want to add a keyword or merge two or more words, this is allowed.<\/li>\n<li>Note the name, date, and profession of the stakeholder on the magnetic sheet.<\/li>\n<li>Take a picture at this stage (to prevent coincidental loss of keywords by accidentally whipping them out by touching and repositioning them).<\/li>\n<li>Take care to explain the procedure again to the participant.<\/li>\n<li>The stakeholder is asked to link the keywords they mentioned that influence each other and rate the strength of these relationships. They draw arrows from the influencing keyword to the keywords that are influenced to indicate relationships between them, which can be either positive or negative influences. See Fig.1 for an example of this.\n<ul>\n<li>Relationships should be ranked on a scale from -5 to +5 (1 is a very low influence, 5 is a very strong influence) (Likert 1932).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Start with the most important keywords and relationships, according to the participants. When all relevant relationships have been pointed out with arrows and ranked, the exercise is complete, and the interview is finished.<\/li>\n<li>Take a picture of the completed sheet, don\u2019t forget to include the name, date, and profession of the stakeholder.<\/li>\n<li>Save all pictures carefully and email them to yourself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After the interviews, the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps with interrelated elements as revealed by the stakeholders (see Fig.2) will then be processed as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Harmonize between consultations the various synonyms for factually similar elements. For example, biodiversity, species diversity, and species can together be called biodiversity.<\/li>\n<li>Based on the harmonised elements, a set of indices can be calculated to characterise stakeholders\u2019 FCM networks, and to indicate similarities or differences within and between individual stakeholders\u2019 FCM networks (\u00d6zesmi &amp; \u00d6zesmi, 2003, 2004, Hummel et al 2022).<\/li>\n<li>A practical set of indices may form the core for further development of tools, discussions, and management, being:\n<ul>\n<li>the frequency an element was mentioned among stakeholders.<\/li>\n<li>the number of connections (vectors) from or to an element.<\/li>\n<li>the centrality, i.e. the average strength of elements, is connected to other elements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As a guiding rule, one can take a cut-off level for the indices to decide which elements are sufficiently important to be taken into account for further inclusion in analyses, planning, or management. For example, the frequency of an element has to be at least 50 % among the interviews taken in a research area, or an element must have a number of vectors that is equal to or higher than 50 % of the highest number from\/to an element obtained in that area.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5391\" data-end=\"5416\"><strong data-start=\"5391\" data-end=\"5414\">Availability \/ URL:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5417\" data-end=\"5580\">\n<li data-start=\"5417\" data-end=\"5509\">\n<p data-start=\"5419\" data-end=\"5509\">Not available as an online tool; implemented as <strong data-start=\"5467\" data-end=\"5506\">field survey protocols and datasets<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5510\" data-end=\"5580\">\n<p data-start=\"5512\" data-end=\"5580\">Guidance and feedback slides exist as internal MARBEFES documents.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The purpose of the tool is to obtain the perception of stakeholders on the most important socio-economic and ecological variables in their area, and the way they interrelate to (i.e. influence) each other.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[102,131,51,54,87,120,67,107,37,98,101,88,69,108,55,132,109,113,118,104,122,133,40,89,41,56,90,134,50,123,57,124,135,53,63,58,96,64,136,66,137,49,86,138,106,139,129,140,141],"project_tag":[],"class_list":["post-553","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-pressures","category-north-spitsbergen","category-generating-understanding-data","category-researchers","category-biological","category-relationships-interactions","category-instruments-activities","category-visual-spatial","category-main-category","category-environmental-data-variables","category-value-functions","category-physical","category-interactive-activities","category-quantitative-analytical","category-practitioners","category-south-spitsbergen","category-descriptive-interpretative","category-network-diagram","category-scoring-system","category-public-opinions","category-societal-perceptions","category-archipelago-sea","category-societal","category-economical-input","category-subtopic","category-citizens","category-societal-input","category-lithuanian-coast-curonian-lagoon","category-purpose","category-management-frameworks","category-policy-advisors-makers","category-composition-categorization","category-gulf-of-gdansk","category-target-user","category-knowledge","category-data-type","category-ecosystem-processes","category-surveys","category-belgian-coast-dogger-bank","category-tool-type","category-irish-sea","category-society-the-environment","category-input","category-southern-gulf-of-biscay","category-output","category-balearic-islands-menorca-channel","category-location-tested","category-sardinia-oristano","category-gulf-of-heraklion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1158,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/553\/revisions\/1158"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"project_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marbefes.lifewatch.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project_tag?post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}